Bad Credit Financing For You

April 30, 2008


Are you trying to determine what bad credit finance options that are available to you? You need a new automobile, but you are unsure of who will finance it due to your bad credit?

There is no need to be too concerned about financing if you have bad credit. There are several different financing methods that are available to most people, regardless of their credit history. The interest rates may be higher or they may require a larger down payment, but they may be just what you need to get financing for your purchase.

Financing a Car

If you need a new or used automobile, but you have bad credit, then your best source for financing will most likely be a finance company rather than a bank.

There are some companies that offer people with bad credit financing. The financing usually is dependent upon the vehicle chosen, where you buy the vehicle, and what insurance and driving records that you hold.

There are other things that the finance company will consider as well, including your income, cosignors that you can get for the loan, and any other references that you may be able to provide.

Financing a Home

Real estate financing is a little trickier to find if you have bad credit, but it is in some ways easier to finance due to the collateral being the home.

Some of the big considerations that are looked at when trying to get a mortgage loan with bad credit include income, home or real estate insurance that you have to purchase, how much your down payment is, and any references from past landlords that you may have.

You can find bad credit mortgage financing online, at some real estate companies, and at finance companies. You only have to be willing to look for them.

Other Kinds of Financing

If you need to find financing for other items, like electronics or collectible items, then you may find that this is more difficult.

The reason why it is more difficult to find financing for these smaller items is that they are much harder to repossess and to find buyers for them after they have been repossessed. These reasons make lenders more wary of financing people with bad credit. You may need to consider other ways to get the money to purchase these kinds of times if they are needed.

It may be possible to find a lender that will finance these items, even if you have bad credit. If you are rejected, however, you should ask them if they have some recommendations of where you might get financing.
Jay Moncliff is the founder of http://mortgageloans.bankingstudio.info/; a website specialized in finance home, resources, and articles. For more information on car finance, visit finance home.

Get A Fresh Start After Filing For Bankruptcy

April 30, 2008


Because of a number of problems that can arise, many people find themselves in a financial situation where their debt load is so heavy, there seems to be no way for them to repay all that they owe. Filing for bankruptcy may be their only hope for rectifying their financial condition and gaining a fresh start.

Certainly, filing a claim form when being broke is a step that is considered to be the last resort and one that is never taken lightly. When people are in a deep mire of debt and they do not have sufficient income to be able to make even the minimum payments, there are other steps that they can take before taking the drastic step. There is credit counseling available when people are overwhelmed with debt and sometimes they even take on an additional job to help make the payments.

Unfortunately, there are many instances in which these approaches are simply not enough and people are left with the last alternative and find themselves in need of legal bankruptcy relief. Even though there are significant negative ramifications when people file bankrupt, at the same time it is a legal step that does indeed provide relief from creditors and provides them with an opportunity to wipe their financial slate clean and new start anew.

One should never decide about filing for bankruptcy until they have had an opportunity to consult with a bankruptcy lawyer, or a credit counseling service at the very least. Many people try to save on the lawyer expense by attempting to do a self bankruptcy, but if anything is overlooked, they can find themselves in a bigger mess than before, since it can be thrown out of court if not properly handled. This is why it is so strongly urged that people should pay for the proper help with being broke, so they can rest assured it will be done correctly.

Filing for legal relief is a matter of Federal law, which governs the entire process and it is the Federal courts where the claim form and all paperwork is filed. Under United States Federal bankruptcy law, there are three types of it that can be filed.

You can file a Chapter 7, a Chapter 11 or a Chapter 13 bankruptcy. Each type of filing has different requirements and this is where it is very helpful to secure professional help with being broke, so that you will be sure you are filing for the right type.

After filing, your creditors must stop making any attempts at collecting on debts that are included in the bankruptcy filing. Also, they cannot pursue any type of legal action or lawsuits against you once they have been notified that you have filed a claim form. When the bankruptcy in complete and has been discharged, the debts have essentially be rendered null and void and your creditors have no power to make collection demands on you.

Filing for bankruptcy will definitely leave telltale negative marks on your credit report for many years to come. Due to this fact, it is advisable to avoid hunting for a job or renting new living quarters once the process has started. Therefore, it is best to have secure employment and housing first, if at all possible.

Once the bankruptcy has been completed and is discharged, then you can start the process of restoring your credit record. Eventually, even though it will remain on your credit report for ten years, you will be able to have a good credit score once again. In many instances, people have better credit scores within a couple years after the bankruptcy than they ever did before, because they became better money managers.
Educate yourself further about filing for bankruptcy from Mike Selvon articles portal. Your feedback is valued and appreciated at our bankruptcy information blog where a free audio gift awaits you.

Day Trading Your Way To Success

April 30, 2008


If you are interested in day trading you first need to know what it is all about and to understand the basics of day trading. For starters, a day trader is a person who is very active in the stock market and makes several trades a day in an attempt to make quick gains by buying and selling stocks in a short time span.

As the market is never the same day to day, no one particular day trading strategy will work each time. To be successful, you first need to understand how the market works and get a feel for the market.

This includes recognizing the stocks’ basic trend, the long and short setups, when to enter a trade, and where to place stops. Another very important basic is how to protect your profits and minimize losses.

Once you have learned the basics and are ready to try your first day trade, here are some tips and guidelines you should keep in mind that is essential to your success as a day trader.

Being a day trader requires a lot of time and practice before you get used to the everyday volatility in the market. Do not expect to become an expert day trader overnight. No matter how many books you have read or day traders you have watched, that will not make you an immediate expert.

There are day trading websites that simulate trading. Practice with their trading platform first before trying out the real thing. It could save you a lot of money and you will learn the ropes faster this way.

If you are ready for real live trading, do not be scared by the thought of losing money. There are ways to minimize your loss such as with stop orders.

If you lose money, do not worry, as some loss is to be expected. Just remember, with increased experience and sensitivity to the market, you will start turning a profit soon.

If you profit large sums of money, stop trading. Do not gamble it away by trying to gain even larger profits. You can always trade another day.

Sometimes the market will not perform as you expected. When you encounter this situation, it is best that you do not trade at all.

Once you gain more experience in day trading, you may be able to predict the direction of a stock price. However, try not to pick top stocks or bottom stocks. This is one of the most common mistakes of a beginner.

If you cannot predict where the market is heading, it is best if you stand aside and wait, or you can always go home and trade again another day.

It is a good idea to record all of your day trading results. This way you can learn what works and what does not, and be more effective in trading.

Observe good traders. Look at how and when they sell or buy. Generally, good day traders often buy on bad news and sell on good news.

Beginners often get emotional in their trades. Avoid this at all cost, stay emotionally detached and professional.

Learn to trust your instincts. Relying too much on analysis may mean letting a few good trades slip away from you.

As you gain experience, you will see that different day trading strategies are required on different days and required on different stocks. Be flexible.

Bad day traders often focus on too many stocks that are not manageable and often lose track on where each stock is heading. It is wise to limit your stocks in manageable numbers.

With patience and practice, you can be successful in day trading, and as your experience grows so do your profits. Everyday you can learn new day trading strategies in the market, which you can use to your advantage.
For a more in-depth look at day trading drop by Susan’s site at Day Trading Strategy. Susan also enjoys writing on a variety of topics at Health and Fitness Hub.

Does Money Cause You Trouble Find Out How To Manage It

April 29, 2008


Money has been the constant source of heartache since the time the concept of earning was invented. With the passage of time, this commodity and its management has caused more problems than one can imagine. To maintain a constant healthy level of finances, one must master the skills of Money Management, to keep the correct balance between inflow and expenditure. What once had to be done manually can now be done in the comfort of home and with the help of a computer, and a bit of time.

The growth of the software industry has seen a number of packages aimed at this very problem. Not only can they keep track of your inflow and expenses, but can also keep tabs on your checking account, bill payment and personal taxes. Most packages are also useful for small businesses to keep their performance on track. You can also identify the areas where expenses are mounting and take steps to curb that, and you can also find low performance areas where additional inputs may be the answer. These packages are a great help for beginners and veterans alike.

The packages also allow the user to set their own schedules through which you can ‘tell’ the computer to pay certain bills on their due date. This reduces the chances of late payment and the resultant fines. This also helps in determining your financial position say two weeks ahead. The package has its schedule and after considering it, you can get the status of your finances after the various bills are paid.

In the case of small businesses, not only can you do all that a personal package can do but also print out invoices and generate the routine paperwork that is required in running a business. With newer packages being available virtually everyday, the once onerous task of managing your finances is getting simpler and easier by being capable of handling far more than just personal finances for you.

One of the non-apparent advantages of these packages is that all the transactions that you have scheduled into your calendar are stored in its memory and can be produced with the click of a few buttons. You therefore have a systematic set of organised statements that you can simply forward to the IRS (again through the Internet) for evaluation. Taxes that used to be looked at with dread, thinking of all the paperwork it entailed is now a breeze. No longer do you have to spend hours calculating whether you have your workings right. Leave that to the software that manages your finances and rest easy. It takes the headache out and puts the organized feel in!

The greatest thing is how reasonably-priced the packages are, considering how much peace of mind they bring you. Most of them are so easy to use too. They don’t just make life easy for you, they organize your life, too. Financially, it makes so much sense to shift your work to a machine to do - while you put your feet up!
More information on managing your money
money management

http://www.moneymanagerleads.com

Airline Credit Card Who Needs Them

April 29, 2008


An airline credit card is one which rewards purchases with air travel miles or points which can be redeemed for them. Airline credit cards ideally fit a certain user profile. Typically users of airline cards are financially well off and travel frequently. But who else needs them?

Ideal Airline Credit Card User Checklist

Before deciding to go for an airline credit card you should check your credit history. If it is perfect or almost perfect, you can check off one of the requirements of the ideal airline credit card user checklist. If you pay your credit card debt on time, you fulfill the second requirement of the checklist. It is also important that your debts on other credit cards and other bills are paid one time. You are a big spender, and spend it through your airline card. Most importantly, the travel miles are useful or important to you.

Reasons for the Airline Card Checklist

Airline cards usually charge higher interest than ordinary cards. If you are not timely in your credit payments, you incur a lot of interest. Also if you do not have excellent credit ratings, you fall into a higher interest bracket and do not qualify for the lower APR credit cards. This makes airline cards very expensive to own. It is also important to pay other debts regularly, since the rules link you credit ratings across debts. What this means is, if you have a bad credit rating in relation to another credit card you own, it affects your credit rating in the airline credit card and you may have to pay a higher rate of interest.

If you are not a big spender and do not spend much through your airline card you will not earn enough miles to travel by air for a long time. If travel isn’t interesting to you or is not incidental to your line of work, you may be better off looking for a low APR credit card.

If you do purchase an airline credit card, make the most of it, by using it whenever you shop. Also use your airline miles at the first chance you get. It is better to use your airline miles for long flights to make the most of them. Airline cards are used best when they are redeemed for airline miles. It is generally not worth it to redeem your airline card on other products.

Airline cards vary greatly in terms of their bundle of offerings. There are different APR’s and differing credit requirements (but you must have good credit). Also some airline credit cards offer bonus air miles. Different annual fees are charged. Bank sponsored airline cards allow you to redeem your air miles through a number of airlines. With airline sponsored cards you have to patronize the issuing airline. An informed purchase of your airline credit card can lead to smart savings for some, and free holidays for others. Remember to combine the informed purchase with smart usage of your airline card. If you can choose and use your airline credit card wisely, the only negative effect you can expect is jet lag.
For more information on airline credit card offers, Robert Alan recommends that you visit CreditCardAssist.com

Using A Real Estate Attorney in For Sale By Owner Transactions

April 28, 2008


Even though you are selling your home without an agent, the assistance of a professional is still needed at various steps in the home selling process. The requirement of a real estate attorney depends on the laws in your state. Even if you live in a state where a real estate attorney is not needed, as a for sale by owner seller, it will still be beneficial for you to use one.

An attorney can serve many purposes in the housing transaction. When you hire an attorney that specialized in real estate, that attorney is responsible for seeing that your best interests are met in the housing transaction. An attorney can act as the escrow agent by holding down payments, documentation, and earnest money deposits. Not only that, the attorney can help you decipher and evaluate complicated offers you might receive from a buyer. In the event that the lenders attorney does not handle the closing, your attorney will host and handle the closing. If the lenders attorney does handle the closing, then your real attorney will represent you in the process.

Your primary concern should be to find a real estate attorney that will provide you with assistance you need in the housing transaction. You can use a local or internet directory to find the names of some attorneys in your area. Asking friends or family who have recently sold homes for references is another way that you can find an attorney to assist you. If there are neighbors with for sale signs in their yards, you can casually inquire about the attorney they are using. Hiring an attorney that comes as a reference is often better than cold calling attorneys.

As you look for an attorney to hire, you should choose one that works primarily with real estate transactions. Avoid choosing a criminal or family law attorney that handles real estate transactions on the side. Your interests will not be best served by an attorney that does not spend a significant part of his or her time in real estate transactions. Certainly do not hire an attorney that has never worked in real estate.

Along with experience in real estate transactions, price will be the other factor you use to choose a real estate attorney. The attorney you hire will have two major responsibilities: reading and advising you on documents and representing you at closing. Get a price quote from prospective attorneys on those two tasks. You can get a discount from the attorney by letting him or her know that you will be preparing and filling out some of the documentation. Shop around among several attorneys to get a feel for experience level and price charged.

The most important thing is that you have a real estate professional available to assist you through the transaction. Even if you have successfully sold a for sale by owner home before, it is better to have legal assistance than to attempt to complete the process on your own.
T. J. Madigan has been established in online business since 1998 and is director of a number of successful online projects. Take advantage of our Free For Sale By Owner Real Estate Directory at www.Home-Sale.com.au.

Does Money Cause You Trouble Find Out How To Manage It

April 28, 2008


Money has been the constant source of heartache since the time the concept of earning was invented. With the passage of time, this commodity and its management has caused more problems than one can imagine. To maintain a constant healthy level of finances, one must master the skills of Money Management, to keep the correct balance between inflow and expenditure. What once had to be done manually can now be done in the comfort of home and with the help of a computer, and a bit of time.

The growth of the software industry has seen a number of packages aimed at this very problem. Not only can they keep track of your inflow and expenses, but can also keep tabs on your checking account, bill payment and personal taxes. Most packages are also useful for small businesses to keep their performance on track. You can also identify the areas where expenses are mounting and take steps to curb that, and you can also find low performance areas where additional inputs may be the answer. These packages are a great help for beginners and veterans alike.

The packages also allow the user to set their own schedules through which you can ‘tell’ the computer to pay certain bills on their due date. This reduces the chances of late payment and the resultant fines. This also helps in determining your financial position say two weeks ahead. The package has its schedule and after considering it, you can get the status of your finances after the various bills are paid.

In the case of small businesses, not only can you do all that a personal package can do but also print out invoices and generate the routine paperwork that is required in running a business. With newer packages being available virtually everyday, the once onerous task of managing your finances is getting simpler and easier by being capable of handling far more than just personal finances for you.

One of the non-apparent advantages of these packages is that all the transactions that you have scheduled into your calendar are stored in its memory and can be produced with the click of a few buttons. You therefore have a systematic set of organised statements that you can simply forward to the IRS (again through the Internet) for evaluation. Taxes that used to be looked at with dread, thinking of all the paperwork it entailed is now a breeze. No longer do you have to spend hours calculating whether you have your workings right. Leave that to the software that manages your finances and rest easy. It takes the headache out and puts the organized feel in!

The greatest thing is how reasonably-priced the packages are, considering how much peace of mind they bring you. Most of them are so easy to use too. They don’t just make life easy for you, they organize your life, too. Financially, it makes so much sense to shift your work to a machine to do - while you put your feet up!
More information on managing your money
money management

http://www.moneymanagerleads.com

Debt Consolidation Vs. Debt Settlement Service

April 27, 2008


Debt consolidation and debt settlement services are diverse options to reduce your debt burden. If you are suffering from critical debt problems, a huge outstanding bill then it is entirely your choice whether you should opt for consolidation or go for settlement.

While debt consolidation combines all loans to one single payment, debt settlement services work towards negotiating with creditors and reducing repayment amounts and working out convenient repayment schedules for these loans. A debt settlement service can be regarded as an alternative to debt consolidation in certain specific cases where repayment has totally stopped and you have been marked as a defaulter.

The interest rates offered in a debt consolidation loan is generally lower than the credit card interest rates. Still you are paying a much higher rate that the regular loan products.

When you are unable to minimum payments for a debt consolidation loan, a debt settlement service can be effective to solve your credit problems. Debt settlement companies will settle issues like medical bills, credit card bills, unsecured loans, personal loans, car repossession loans etc.

But if you have taken a home loan or a student loan, government loans, secured loans, auto loans then a debt settlement service might not be suitable for you. A debt settlement service will not settle IRS Debt/Taxes, utility bills or any lawsuits.

You can make monthly payments to a debt settlement company which they keeps in their account or allows you to keep in your account. They negotiate with your creditors to reduce the debt burden by 40-50% and once this is agreed upon then this amount is reported to IRS as taxable income. A debt consolidation loan is often tax deductible.

While debt consolidation helps to revive your credit score when your start repaying the consolidated loan on time by reporting to the credit bureaus about your timely repayment efforts. A debt settlement usually lowers your credit score for the period you opt for a debt negotiation.

Both services are viable options by which you can stop a situation of bankruptcy that affects your credit report adversely, and tainting your credit file for 7 years if not more.

Debt settlement services can guarantee a 40-60% percent cutback on your debts and you can be debt free in 3-4 years after you have opted for a settlement service.

Remember that you target is to reduce your burden and not adding some more by choosing a wrong option. Whether debt consolidation or debt settlement, choose the right option at a competitive cost.
Find more debt help and debt reduction info online. For Weight loss related articles: http://www.weightloss-fyi.info

Forex Professional Market Investor Reveals A Short Cut To Mastering Stock Market Investing Rules

April 27, 2008


To operate effectively in any forex market investing environment, you need rules and boundaries to guide your behaviour. No matter what system you`ve developed, the potential exists to do financial damage to yourself - damage that can be greater than you think is possible. There are many types of trades which the risk of loss is unlimited.

To prevent this kind of loss, you need to create an internal structure in the form of guide lines that determine your behaviour so you always act in your own best interest. This structure has to be internal because the market won`t provide it for you. The markets provide structure in the form of behaviour patterns that indicate when an opportunity to buy or sell exists. But that`s where the structure ends; with a simple indication. Nothing happens until you decide to start or forex market investing; you continue to trade as long as you want; and there is no end until you decide to stop.

All the beginnings, middles, and endings of your trades are the result of your interpretation of the information available from the market. However, while the average trader may want the freedom to make these choices, but that doesn`t mean they are ready and willing to accept the responsibility for the outcomes. The reality of forex market investing is that, if you want to be successful, you have to accept that no matter what the outcome may be, you are completely responsible. Not the market, not the economy, not world events - you.

Traders who are not ready to accept this responsibility can find themselves in a dilemma: How do you participate in an activity that allows complete freedom of choice and avoid taking responsibility if the outcomes of your choices are poor? This can be accomplished by adopting a forex market investing style that is random. Random trading can be defined as poorly planned trades, or trades that are not planned at all.

Randomness in trading is unstructured freedom without responsibility. When we trade without well-defined plans and with an unlimited set of variables, it`s very easy to take credit for the trades that turn out to our liking, because in our minds we used some kind of method. But at the same time, it`s very easy to avoid taking responsibility for the trades that didn`t turn out the way we wanted, because there`s always some variable we didn`t know about and therefore couldn`t take into consideration beforehand. Random forex market investing is an unorganized approach that doesn`t allow you to find out what works and what doesn`t.

If the market`s behaviour were truly random, then it would be difficult, if not impossible, to create consistent results. If it`s impossible to generate consistent results, then we really don`t have to take responsibility. However, direct experience with the market tells a different story. The same market behaviour patterns present themselves over and over again. Even though the outcome of each individual pattern is random, the outcome of a series of patterns is consistent and statistically reliable.

These patterns can aid your forex market investing if you choose to use a disciplined, organized, and consistent approach. Many traders spend hours doing market analysis and planning trades for the next day. Then, instead of making the trades they planned, they do something else. The trades they make are usually ideas from friends or tips from brokers. By making unstructured, random trades, they are able to avoid responsibility.

Why would they do this? When you act on your own ideas, you put your abilities on the line and get instant feedback on how well your ideas worked. It`s difficult to rationalize away any unsatisfactory endings, since they`re the direct results of actions. On the other hand, when you enter an unplanned, random trade, you shrug off the responsibility by blaming your friend or broker for their bad ideas.

The nature of forex market investing itself also makes it easy to escape responsibility. Any trade has the potential to be a winner, whether you`re a great analyst or a poor one. It takes a lot of effort to create and follow a disciplined approach that will make you a consistent winner. But, if you invest the effort, you can achieve success as a trader, and reap the benefits of the market.
Who Else Wants To Learn A Simple, Step-By-Step System For Generating Quick & Easy Profits, Trading Forex? - FREE FOR A LIMITED TIME - http://www.forexcurrencytradingsystems.com/index.php

0percent APR Credit Cards Tips and Tricks

April 26, 2008


Credit cards can be considered to be one of the many basic necessities of the modern world. Credit cards are available nowadays in abundance. One type of credit card specifically is the so-called 0% APR credit card. 0% APR credit cards were introduced in the late 1980’s and to this day has still proven to be one of the most sought-after credit card types available anywhere. As with all credit card types, there are a certain tips and tricks surrounding 0% APR credit cards that all potential card applicants should be made aware of.

With the help of a 0% APR credit card, it means that you need not only pay the outstanding balance; and what more you could even charge up to the limits without having to sustain any monthly interest charges. However, sometimes, one tends to think just how these credit card companies can afford to provide 0% APR credit cards, and make a profit out of it?

Although 0% APR credit cards may not comprise any monthly charges, it is sure to come with annual fees which you are obliged to pay for the privileges of a 0% APR credit card. These annual fees usually run from $15 to $20 or sometimes, even higher. Having a 0% APR credit card doesn’t mean that you can pay your dues whenever and whichever way you intend to. It IS necessary to make your payments on time, or else, you will have to pay for high overdue fees. For each late payment, the 0% APR credit card holder has to pay fees that may range from $20 to $40. With habitual late payments, these meager amounts may accumulate to a hefty total!

It should be remembered that 0% APR credit cards are usually offered for only a stipulated period of time. This credit card interest may hold good for only a fixed period of time, usually ranging from 3 up to 15 months. On the completion of this period, a higher rate of interest may come in vogue, usually 12% or higher. You could easily transfer any existing credit card balances to a new 0% APR credit card to get 0% interest on the transferred balance. In this way, the credit card holder has to pay less interest for a stipulated period of time, and thus get a chance to clear outstanding balances as quickly as possible.

When applying for a 0% APR credit card, it is always better to read the terms and agreements of the credit card. Not to overstate an obvious question, but why should one do so? Simply because many credit cards may come with a default rate wherein late payments not only incur a late payment fee, but it would also include a default rate that will be added to the annual percentage rate. This in turn doubles the figures on the existing balances and on the new purchases made on the card moving forward. Ouch!

One very important point to take into account when applying for a 0% APR credit card is to read all paragraphs of the agreement, otherwise known as the fine print. This is because though it is illegal for a credit card company to hide their fees and charges, it is nonetheless legal for them to mention these points in small print! The 0% APR credit card companies thus usually announce in large and bold print about their 0% APR but hide the facts that this is only for a limited period of time and any extra fees which might be included are done so in very fine print.

Another trick that is up the sleeve of 0% APR credit card companies is to install sky-high APR’s right after the amount of 0% APR balance transfers are paid down. In other words, the money you first pay to the credit card company is applied to the transfer, and any other purchases you make will be charged a high APR. Sometimes, credit card companies may also go to the extent of sending you a different card than the 0% APR credit card you had initially applied for. In this way, you are not allowed the 0% APR but a different card offer with different terms and conditions. The card issuers typically rationalize this behavior based on the card issuer determining that you do not meet the qualifications for a 0% APR credit card. Qualifications for a 0% APR credit card is usually found in the small print of the agreement, and is usually overseen by applicants!

It can thus be seen that though 0% APR credit cards do seem to be rather inviting, there are some loopholes and tricks to their use. As always, it is highly recommended to read the terms and conditions on the card application agreement for the 0% APR credit card, or any type of credit card application, thoroughly in order to avoid any future problems, headaches or financial surprises.
For more information on 0% APR credit cards, Robert Alan recommends that you visit CreditCardAssist.com

Next Page »

U.S. Government Required Disclaimer - Options trading has large potential rewards, but also large potential risk. You must be aware of the risks and be willing to accept them in order to invest in the options markets. Don't trade with money you can't afford to lose. This website is neither a solicitation nor an offer to Buy/Sell options. No representation is being made that any account will or is likely to achieve profits or losses similar to those discussed on this website. The past performance of any trading system or methodology is not necessarily indicative of future results.

HYPOTHETICAL OR SIMULATED PERFORMANCE RESULTS HAVE CERTAIN LIMITATIONS. UNLIKE AN ACTUAL PERFORMANCE RECORD, SIMULATED RESULTS DO NOT REPRESENT ACTUAL TRADING. ALSO, SINCE THE TRADES HAVE NOT BEEN EXECUTED, THE RESULTS MAY HAVE UNDER-OR-OVER COMPENSATED FOR THE IMPACT, IF ANY, OF CERTAIN MARKET FACTORS, SUCH AS LACK OF LIQUIDITY. SIMULATED TRADING PROGRAMS IN GENERAL ARE ALSO SUBJECT TO THE FACT THAT THEY ARE DESIGNED WITH THE BENEFIT OF HINDSIGHT. NO REPRESENTATION IS BEING MADE THAT ANY ACCOUNT WILL OR IS LIKELY TO ACHIEVE PROFIT OR LOSSES SIMILAR TO THOSE SHOWN.